Important Advantages of WiMax Technology

Wimax Advantages

Wimax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access services brings long time term evolution in wireless data market. WiMax Technology is facing many hurdles in market while it has some great advantages which make it a technology of todays. The advantages of Wimax Technology are discussed in details below.

Wimax Coverage:

The single station of Wimax can operate and provide coverage for hundred of users at a time and manage sending and receiving of data at very high speed with full of network security.

Wimax High Speed:

The High speed of connectivity over long distance and high speed voice makes it more demanded in hardly populated areas plus compacted areas.

Multi-functionality within Wimax Technology:

Wimax Technology perform a variety of task at a time such as offering high speed internet, providing telephone service, transformation of data, video streaming, voice application etc.

Potential and development:

Wimax Technology is a great invention for new Era because Wimax has enough potential for developing and opportunity to offer various types of services for new generation. Now you can connect internet anywhere and browse any site and make possible online conference with mobile internet, multimedia application never let you bored, IPTV stay you up to date etc.

Stay in touch with end user:

Wimax network always keep stay in touch with your friends and all others using same Wimax network because it provide absolute communication service to the end users to make possible rich communications.

Wimax Infrastructure:

Wimax infrastructure is very easy and flexible therefore it provides maximum reliability of network and consent to actual access to end users.

Wimax, cheap network :

Wimax is a well known wireless network now days because it provide a low cost network substitute to internet services offered via ADSL, modem or local area network.

Wimax Rich Features:

Wimax Technology is offering rich features which make it useful. Wimax offers separate voice and data channel for fun, the semantic connection make your network more secure then before, fast connectively, license spectrum, liberty of movement etc.
Wimax and Wifi:

The Wimax network providing much higher speed and very long range as compared to WiFi Technology.

Smart antenna and Mesh Topology:

The use of smart antenna in Wimax network offering high quality widest array which enable you to make possible communication on long route without any encryption. It offers 2.3, 2.7, 3.3, 3.8GHz frequency ranges. The use of Mesh topology in Wimax network for the expansion is an extensive spectrum of antennas for commercial as well as for residential users.

Ultra wide Band :

The unique and excellent infrastructure of Wimax is offering Ultra-Wideband. Its exclusive design is providing range from 2 to 10 GHz and outstanding time response.

Homeland Security:

Security options of Wimax Technology also offer very high security because of encryption system used by Wimax. The Wimax is providing exclusive homeland security. Now you can exchange your data on whole network without any fear of losing data.

Lack of history:

The best advantage of Wimax vendor technology is lack of history within mobile industry for protection. Wimax push the existing technologies and forward on steady stream. Only Wimax technology offers first major mobile standard to all mobile broadband infrastructures. It is a foremost mobile transporter. WiMAX technology support both wireless and wired network including cable operator which are now successful due to core networks of Wimax.

In short Wimax have great advantages such as it has ability to perform an exclusive list of services over a single station. Wimax decrease in operating and capital expenditure. The development of application is often a competitive edge.

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Deployments of Wimax Technology

Wimax Deployments:

Wimax Technology is a great development in wireless technology offering long distance broadband access. After viewing the rapid growth of Wimax technology in large business companies, multimedia project software and hardware manufacturer start to develop and test the compulsory components to deploy a Wimax Technology network. Large business corporations such as Intel, Samsung, Motorola and others have commenced worldwide deployment.

In 2004  leapfrogging cables and DSl technologies used to fetch wireless broadband access to rural areas and in 2009 Wimax technology widely spread in all over the world. Fixed wimax technology introduced in 2008. The rapid development of both Wimax technologies will be rolling out in coming days. For Wimax deployments; Asia and Amrica working as a testing ground because in Taiwan, Pakistan, South Africa, Vietnam, and Nigeria Wimax technology take start and now the growth or accomplishment of Wimax deployments covering whole world. At the moment Wateen Technologies deployed Wimax Network in Pakistan that is one of the largest Wimax network in the world. In united state Sprint, clearwire and Nextel communications have already bought up the available spectrum and Wimax wireless technologies has been start in many urban and metropolitan areas. It is more expected that Wimax Technology will take over the mobile industries. The Wimax deployment skill set to overcome the digital divide because of easiness and efficiency. The Wimax deployments going on today throughout the world are under as.

Wimax Deployments in Lao Cai, Vietnam:

Lao Cai is a maintained area located on Chinese border in Vietnam. It has round about 600,000 populations been most community is very poor. Intel, USAID, and VDC get on partnership to bring broadband and VoIP services via Wimax technology in region in 2004. The objective behind this partnership is that to encourage overseas investment and promote economic development in a region. Than Lao Cai had attractive good mobile phone exposure in the region. The wimax network contains a single base station bound to provide internet access via a fiber optical backhaul. Wimax deployment is offering services in the city and nearby areas. In urban areas VoIP services would also be put in practice which offering telecommunication services specially when there is never had a phone. In the Wimax deployment there is a base station which has an antenna that installed up to 70 meters on a telecommunications tower. In Internet café, government offices, schools, health centers, and farm about 20 modem installed and sip phone provided to each site. Then within local PSTN a line up VoIP switch and gateway connected which are located 300 miles away. Now the community of Lao Cai makes progress   with broadband and telecommunication transportation. Nowadays Intel which is a leader to introduce this technology is thinking to implement Wimax deployment in nearby areas to get better economical status and for this it providing satellite backhaul for VoIP and broadband access.

Wimax Deployments in Gauteng, South Africa:

The deployment of Wimax technology is beginning in Gauteng which is the province of South Africa. Gauteng is a large industrial region and Pretoria and Johannesburg are its popular cities. Almost in 150 countries Wimax deployment has been established and a WiMAX business market share of over 60% within 3.5 GHZ frequency range. Wimax broadband access is offering multimedia internet, Voice and data services. According to a report internet carry on to achieve approval in South Africa. This has socio-economic implication that goes ahead of the ideological or moral with very real insinuation for the development of the Internet economy in South Africa. The deployment of WiMAX technology is an inexpensively practicable means to recommend equivalent access for all.

Wimax Deployments in the United States:

Clearwire and Sprint Nextel have been buying up Wimax spectrum in the united states. They both creating a large metropolitan market and offering 2.5 GHz frequency to 30 million users at the end of 2010. Sprint also choose the Wimax format for 4G network and Nokia, Samsung, Intel and Motorola may be excepted partner in wireless broadbandscheme. The subscriber base of Clearwire is round about 200,000 and now focusing on the urban market because in rural areas there are no broadband internet services. Clearwire is playing a major role to promote Wimax Technology market and be expecting to be capable to roll out their networks more rapidly.

According to a 4G research report almost 600 Wimax deployments are now alive by the end of 2009. Therefore Wimax deployment may exceed HSPA deployment because by HSPA and LTE. There are only 300 cellular networks are alive and only 70 operators have committed with them for the deployment of Wimax technology. The rapid growth of Wimax is due to wide range of coverage not only in specific areas but also in urban or rural areas. In 2011 it is expected that Wimax deployment will increase more vastly than before because of its significant features.

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WiMax Coverage Areas

WiMAX Coverage:

In this present era there is need of two things; speed and mobility and these two factors knock the door at Coverage. For speed there is broadband and for mobility there is WiFi/ Wireless networks. Now the only way to get both things together is to merge them and now we have WiMAX that boast both speed and mobility combined together with wider WiMAX coverage. The standard is set for this new technology and speed is also guaranteed as it goes for the last mile when there is requirement to send data. IP protocol has been utilized to attain the broadband characteristic over the WiFi networking since the WiMAX technology introduced to provide last mile WiMAX coverage.  

WiMax coverage is approximately 40 Mbit/s and is going to touch 1 Gbit/s for fixed users in the near future. Similarly, fixed users can access WiMAX  and it ranges 50 km or in other words 30 miles. The case for the mobile user is different. It could not go to that extent as stationary customers. For mobile users the WiMax coverage is 5-15 km or 3-10 miles. Here you can see that WiFi is already there to provide around 30-100 m or 100-300 feet which is much higher than WiMAX. The main reason as preferring WiMax is that it is receiving high frequency band to operate. It supports all frequencies to perform wireless function well n good.

WiMAX as a wireless broadband service is welcoming by the customers in perspective of speed and reliability. It works as a wireless backhaul, supports broadband connection and also acts hot spots. It is quite familiar to WiFi but gives better coverage when compared.
WiMAX is going to give tough competition to the DSL operators with quality service and broadband connectivity. It is also very cheap as compared to WiFi and other internet service providers. It is only profit-oriented service.

It is acting as a backhaul for previous all wireless standards for up-gradation. It is good when talk about services like VoIP, IPTV and data transmission.

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Which Type of Service provides Wimax Technology? Wimax Services

Wimax Services:

WiMAX is a new wireless technology which provides Mobility, Coverage,Maintainability, Roaming Services etc. Wimax offers both point to point data transformation known as fixed Wimax. It also provide full cellular type mobile data services refers to Mobile Wimax. Wimax offer point to point or point to multipoint network. It employs radio signal which carry both voice and data signals. Wimax technology offers various types of high value services for the ease and multi-tenancy expansion. Wimax services totally change the way of living. The most valuable services offered by Wimax are under.

Data and networks:

Wimax network is offering a network which meets your todays and future need. The cabling system of wimax network are appropriately planned, managed and installed. It provides accurate proficiency in telecommunications and latest technology of hub and routers to get best result during broadcasting. Wimax services make available a customized network for home, business and others.

CCTV Surveillance:

Wimax network is allowing various types of devices to communicate. Wimax Services facilitate you with security cameras through which you can secure your business such as colleges, school, offices, shopping mall, jewelry shops, mobile shops etc. Wimax services also providing time lapse security recorder for your home or business security, spy security cameras which can protect you from spy, nanny cam, monitors and other equipments through which you can secure your home or any type of business without any fear of theft and make confident about security conditions.

Home Automation:

Wimax services offering home automations such as home theatre technology which enable you to get full cinema experience with plasma screen, high quality sound, best quality DVD player and recorder, Through Wimax services you can enjoy long time fun with music, TV cable, and FM radio. Wimax services offering a well design system, wiring installment etc according to client needs and requirements.

Access Control:

The Access control system presented by Wimax services permit the flow of personal data into a site and encrypted unwanted visitors to save your data. Wimax services are providing a range of access control system such as pin codes, swipe card and proxy readers. The CCTV, time and attendance records offered by Wimax services can be incorporated into other systems in the building.

Intercoms:

The intercom systems for Wimax services permit inhabitants to speak via a call station with visitor. Intercom systems linked to an internal unit within a handset and control functions. After confirmation of visit the host may allow the visitor to enter home by releasing electronic door. The use of intercom is increasing with the passage of time in big hotels, restaurants, educational institute, collages, universities etc and it is only possible by Wimax services.   

Security:

Security is such a considerable Wimax service which provides full security with well thought-out wiring for telephone, video, and LAN. It is possible via home theatre and multi room audio. It also provides advanced lighting control via build up system. The other services are control of blinds, flow of water, air conditioning, keyless entry and security, exhaust fans, ceiling fans, and lots of other electric devices from touch screens. The fire alarm, smoke, and heating system, utility bills, and other multimedia equipments are great services provided by Wimax.

In short Wimax Services facilitate you with up-to-date equipments, facilities, and customised solutions for upcoming challenges. Wimax services solutions make possible the network connectivity without any cable and high quality of access including PC platforms, notebook etc. Wimax technology makes our lives more comfortable and tension free. Wimax services are providing inflexible performance with superior security, supple connectivity at business work, at building, or on the road.

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Architecture of Wimax Technology

Wimax Architecture:

WiMAX technology is based on IEEE standard for high layer protocol such as TCP/IP, VoIP, and SIP etc. Wimax network is offering air link interoperability and vendor for roaming. The multi vendor access from Wimax focused on higher level networking specifications for fixed wimax, mobile wimax, and portable wimax. The Architecture of wimax technology based on all IP platforms. The packet technology of wimax needs no legacy circuit telephony. Therefore it reduces the overall cost during life cycle of wimax deployment. The main guide lines of Wimax Architecture are as under

• The wimax architecture support structure of packet switched. Wimax technology including IEEE 802.16 standard and its modification, suitable for IETF and Ethernet.

• Wimax architecture allowing decoupling and also sustained topologies for connectivity purpose like IEEE 802.16 radio specifics.

• Wimax architecture offers flexibility to accommodate a wide range of deployment such as small to large scale. It offers licensed to unlicensed opportunity. Wimax also support urban, rural radio propagation. The uses of mesh topologies make it more reliable. It is the best co existence of various models.

• Wimax architecture offers various services and applications such as multimedia, Voice, mandated dogmatic services as emergency and lawful interception.

• Wimax architecture providing a variety of functions such as ASP, mobile telephony, interface with multi internetworking, media gateway, delivery of IP broadcasting such as MMS , SMS, WAP over IP.

• Wimax architecture supporting roaming and internetworking. It support wireless network such as 3GPP and 3GPP2.It support wired network as ADSL, MSO based on standard IETF protocols.

• Wimax architecture also support global roaming, consistent use of AAA for billing purposes, digital certificate, subscriber module, USIM, and RUIM.

• The range of Wimax architecture is fixed, portable, nomadic, simple mobility and fully mobility.

WiMAX Forum industry represents a logical representation of the Wimax architecture. The main objective behind Wimax architecture is to provide amalgamated support needed in a range of network models. The NRM makes out well-designed entities and allusion points accomplished between functional entities. The Wimax architecture consists of three logical entities MS, ASN, and CSN and reference point for interconnection. All three correspond to a grouping for functional entities which may be single or distributed physical device over several physical devices may be an implementation choice. The manufacturer chooses any implementation according to its choice which is may be individual or combine. The NRM based on the designation of communication protocol and management of data sketch to attain end to end function. It allows manifold implementations for specified useful entity such as mobility and security management.

Base station (BS)

The responsibility of Base station (BS) is to provide that the air interface to the MS. The other functionality of BS is micro mobility supervision functions. The handoff prompting, supervision of radio resource, classification of traffic, DHCP, keys, session and multicast group management.

Access service network (ASN)

The ASN (Access Service Network)  used to describe an expedient way to explain combination of functional entities and equivalent significance flows connected with the access services. The ASN offers a logical boundary for functional of nearby clients. The connectivity and aggregation services of wimax are personified by dissimilar vendors. Planning of functional to logical entities represented in NRM which may execute in unusual ways. The wimax forum allows different type of vendors implementation that is interceptive and well-matched for a broad variety of deployment necessities.

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

Connectivity Service Network (CSN) is a set of functions related to network offering IP services for connectivity to Wimax clients. A CSN may include network fundamentals such as AAA, server, routers, and user database and gateway devices that support validation for the devices, services and user. The Connectivity Service Network also handled different type of task such as management of IP addresses, support roaming between different NSPs, management of location, roaming, and mobility between ASNs

The WiMAX architecture is offering a flexible arrangement of functional entities when constructing the physical entities, Because AS may be molded into BTS, BSC, and an ASNGW, Which are equivalent to the GSM model of BSC, BTS and GPRS Support (SGSN).

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What is WiMAX 2 Technology? Features of WiMAX 2

Overview:

Wimax 2 technology is improving with IEEE 802.16m mobile WiMAX standard which is called Wimax 2. Well Known business leaders make known proposal to speed up WiMAX 2 Technology Solutions built upon IEEE 802.16m. Wimax 2 Technologyis in the final stage of approval and Wimax 2 technology may be beginning in 2011 and possibly commercialized or deployed in 2012.

The objective behind Wimax 2 Technology are technology cooperation and mutual presentation benchmarking, dual testing of 4G Technology requests over WiMAX 2 Technology solution, and untimely network level interoperability testing. There are several companies have announced Wimax 2 technology with primary benefit of speed such as ZTE, Intel, Samsung, Motorola. There are two type of existed Wimax , Fixed wimax which is faster than WiFi. Mobile Wimax, which is used as a substitute of 3G mobile phone operator. Mobile wimax can transport 144 Mbps download and 35Mbps uploading speed. While wimax 2 technology intended to meet the advanced 4G standards within 1Gbps access speed to fixed and 100Mbps to fast moving mobile nodes.

Specifications of WiMAX 2 Technology:

The specifications of Wimax 2 technology are built on Institute of (IEE 802.16m)Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.16m standard. It includes high level on air competency. The Wimax companies said that Wimax 2 standard will be diffident well-matched with preceding standards. While wimax network technology are confirming extremely successful in carrying very high bandwidth mobile service. The future of wimax is guaranteed by Wimax 2 technology which is a powerful new era technology within a long term growth. WiMax 2 Technology will be much faster than its forerunner.

Features of WiMAX 2:

• Wimax 2 technology can deliver a blazing speed of 120Mbs down and 60Mbs up without any restriction. Wimax 2 Technology using 4×2 MIMO antennas with 20 MHz channel enable signals every where.

• With the Wimax 2 technology the speed will be double and user can do much than before.

• The Wimax technology offer very high speed including numerous devices for the delight of client.

• Wimax 2 technology network offering VOIP calls with 300Mbit throughput including more bandwidth and less latency.

• Those operators facing explosive the Wimax 2 technology meets the need of their demand for mobile data and various type of services.

• Wimax hardly print out a place in the market therefore Wimax 2 technology offering a low cost network within all IP mobile solution.

• The Data, Voice, and Video transmission are the clear efficiency of Wimax 2 network technology.

• The Wimax 2 promises to deliver a matchless amalgamation of linearity, noise presentation, and constituent combination over a remarkably broad band of operation.

Intel, Samsung which are top leaders in driving the IEEE 802.16 standard contented to observe well-built ecosystem hold up promising to speed up WiMAX 2 competences. WiMAX forum is working to speed up the accomplishment of interoperable system outline for WiMAX 2 apparatus and devices. According to Wimax Forum there are about 559 wimax deployments in 147 countries and 620 million people using it globally. Almost 130 devices and 60 base stations within 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, and 3.5 GHz have been certified by Wimax forum.

The combination of Samsung, Motorola, and Intel form a coalition called Wimax 2. The goal of Wimax 2 is to improving the financial side of mobiles The Wimax group will concern detailed information about milestones and delivery schedule almost in next 3-6 months with the objective to support the WiMAX Forum. Wimax Forum is convinced thatWimax 2 Technology will speedily enlarge the Mobile WiMAX market to make available mobile Internet to community in all corners of the world. In short Wimax 2 meets the International Telecommunications Union requirements for advanced 4G Technology. It transporting higher capacity to system and highest point rate of in excess of 300 Mbps within inferior latency and augmented Voice in excess of Internet Protocol or "VoIP" capacity.

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Future plan of Wimax Technology

The wireless communication has already brought revolution in the field of telecommunication technology. However further development would entirely change our world of communications. There would be a time when rich and poor share the same wireless connectivity and this is would be time of WiMax.

 

Next Generation Technology:

WiMax technology is considered to be a next generation technology because this technology is aimed at replacing most of the present wireless technologies like wifi, Bluetooth, microwave and mobile phone technologies. This technology would give rise to a broad consumer market for wireless digital devices. This wireless connection does not only provide compatibility with exiting devices but in the near future it would help in further inventions. The world would witness many inventions which are now even hard to imagine. WiMax is a technology which considered as the first step toward 4G. Today WiMax is operating as second generation and third generation technology but in near future it would be substantial 4G technology.

Future in Emerging Markets:

WiMax is the next generation high speed internet connection which can be accessed with any digital portable device like palm top, laptop and smart phones. It can be forecasted that the number of subscribers for this technology would reach to 70million. So far it has captured the market of Korea with the help of its sister WiBro. This connection operates at range of frequencies this is the reason why further development in this technology would not stop or hamper. The future of WiMax forum is also attached to the growth of this technology. This technology is bread and butter for many. Therefore the further development in this technology would generate more jobs. The WiMax forum is working hard to create more awareness about the benefits of this technology. We can say hat their efforts are somewhat successful because now there are more than 170 vendors attached to this technology. WiMax standard is based on the 802.16 standards and it has many forms like the fixed wireless technology and the mobile WiMax technology. The wireless market is shifting to basic service connections to providing multimedia services. Companies like Telco’s are already enjoying huge profits using this blessing.

WiMax as a Broadband Technology:

Besides limitations like limited bandwidth over large geographical area it would emerge as the best broadband wireless connection. Wired technologies have already been rejected due to their difficult management and expense. Wireless broadband connections are now in the hearts and pockets of the mobile users. This technology would make the communication world ubiquitous for us. It is also a part of almost all new digital devices. The user just has to subscribe and pay and the fast broad band connection would be available. The WiMax can be deployed at variable frequencies. WiMax is using 2 GHz to 11 GHz and up to 63 GHz frequency for its operation. However this is not the limit. The speed and efficiency of this connection can be increased. It is already providing multimedia services to ultimate users like video streaming, video conferencing, voice chat and voice over the internet. The broadband infrastructure of this technology is really simple as compared to the others of its type. Its current broadband speed is 34 Mbps and 1 GB. This speed would further increase with the development in the infrastructure. The line of sight connection provides fast internet connections even in remote areas. Imagine a world where a natural disaster has destroyed everything. This is the only network technology which would help us recover from it quickly. WiMax has already helped revived the communication needs in tsunami. The future of WiMax is very dazzling ahead.

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Hardware Device of Wimax Technology

WiMax products:

WiMAX technology is new therefore its products are not as well known as products of technology Wifi known to every one. This does not mean WiMAX is not popular enough that no products are yet launched. There are several products for WiMAX subscribers which are available in market with limitations because not many subscribers demands for it. All the products which are used for WiMax deployment are installed with WiMAX chip and they are mostly certified by WiMAX forum, WiMAX forum is one of the pioneers in promoting and setting standards in WiMAX technology and its deployment.

WiMax products can be categorized into two parts, Indoor products and Out door products.

Indoor WiMax products:

WiMAX indoor products which are basically used at the subscribers end.

• WiMax indoor subscriber unit(SUI):
  This device is indoor wireless subscriber access product which is designed on protocol IEEE 802.61-2004 standards. This device compatible to MPM equipment PMP is point Multipoint. Device has multiple Ethernet ports interface including (VoIP). SUI have LED installed on its front side which shows the strength of the signals. This is third generation device (3G). SUI uses technology called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) technology enables handling rural and urban obstacles like trees, building even mountains to keep the connection to the link

 

• WiMAX External antenna:
  This external antenna is used to improve the signal strengths of WiMax subscribers from base station. WiMax external antennas are mostly required when subscriber is located in middle of populated or dense area; it can also be used where high mountains, and tree creates obstacles within base station and subscriber location. Antenna is connected with wire to indoor subscriber unit SUI to strengthened the signals

 

WiMAX Outdoor products:

• Outdoor Subscriber Unit (SU-O):
   This outdoor subscriber unit (SU-O) works exactly like SUI. The only different this product is its outdoor usability. It forms connection to WiMax base station to provide broadband access to WiMax subscriber. Its way of functionality is no different than SUI.

 

• WiMAX Certified Base Station:
   The world’s first WiMAX forum certified base station is Redlines’ RedMAX AN-100. This device works and base station for WiMax, it is easy to install and very cost effective for deployment. Its low latency makes sure that it provide delivery of good quality and sensitive services, including voice traffic, voice over ip (VoIP), video and data traffic.An-100 designed architecture assures over-the-air facility with help of software. It also has dynamic ability of on-the-fly services.

 

AN-100 base station can be used in cluster of 60 degree sectors; this supports many unique data flows and many subscribers simultaneously per sector. It synchronizes its time with GPS system for spectrums and available channels. Its hardware is easily upgradable in field by software downloads.

Future Products:

There are other products which are important in normal use for general public. These are Wimax cards for laptops and desktop computers with WiMax chip install in them. Pdas and other handsets with Wimax ability. This is the future deployement of WiMax products. They are very rare in market or under testing process. The WiMax chip is not feasible to be install in such products as it has high cost. We will have to see how soon WiMax technology deployment takes over older technologies like WiFi and how soon these products comes with WiMax chip built in with in cost of range for normal user.

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What is WiMax Backhaul Technology?

What is Wimax Backhaul ?

Wimax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a Wireless Access Technology which gives you high Data Rates, with QoS and Security factors and makes it effective with its lower cost. Backhaul is a technology that is linked with carrying traffic among circulated sites. Backhaul is also used for both ways transportation line. So Wimax backhaul is getting data from one point and spreading it over a network with high data rates and low price. Wimax backhaul uses OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). It covers up fixed wireless and roaming access. It is specially designed for Wide Area Network with higher throughput. Another very unique feature of Wimax backhaul is that it gives protection against theft of services. Wimax backhaul system consists of two basic parts, one is the WIMAX tower that is similar to the cell phone tower, and second one is WIMAX receiver. In general it also works like WiFi but at higher speeds and over larger distance.

Most important Feature of WiMAX Backhaul:

• It flawlessly incorporates with wireless functionality.
• Common network for multiple access technologies
• Reduce  high cost factor
• Facilitates the user with the use of mobile devices.
• Security
• Authentication
• It sustain both licensed and unlicensed frequencies

WiMax Backhaul Technology:

• WiMAX Backhaul probably provide fixed and portable wireless broadband connectivity without the need for direct line-of-sight (LOS) with a base station.

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Limitations of Wimax technology

Wimax Limitations:

As we know, there are majorly two types of WiMAX, fixed WiMax and Mobile WiMax, in fixed WiMAX network higher gain directional antenna is installed near the subscriber location which helps in increasing signal strengths, better data rate and throughput. However mobile networks are designed for indoors, it uses customer premises equipment (CPE) which is attached with computers and laptops or other WiMax products.

WiMAX is that it delivers high speed data that is 70 Mbps 50 kilometers, but in factual situation WiMAX do some thing different. It increase Bit error rate if it operates at 50 kilometers, that’s why it important to use lower bitrates. If the range is low it helps in operating at higher bitrates.

In mobile WiMax Omni directional antennas are used, which have lower-gain when compared to directional antenna; directional antennas are easy to use as they portable. 10 Mbps speed can be achieved within 10 km range if portable mobile WiMAX CPE used in line-of-sight. In contrast to this 10 Mbps speed can be delivered to only 2 km in urban areas as it is not possible to keep antenna on line-of-sight.

In current situation fixed WiMax throughputs 2Mbps at 10 km using high gain antenna. Higher gain directional antenna can be used with Mobile WiMax networks with good range and throughput but in result loose mobility.

As in all wireless or wired networks, the given bandwidth is divided among the users, it is same in WiMax also, available bandwidth is divided among the users in certain radio sector, and performance of the network can drop in case of many users in give sector. To improve the performance in this situation more radio cards are required to be installed in the base station for give sector.

Because of this varying performance of WiMax networks, lots architectures are incorporated into WiMax by independent development and within the 802.16j mobile multi-hop relay (MMR) task group.

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What is WiMAX Security? Security Risks of WiMax Technology

Security issues and risks using WiMax Technology:

WiMax is quite discussed broadband technology which is yet be deployed properly in many parts of the world, it is been used effectively in few parts of world for delivering high speed internet connectivity over longer distances. This feature is making it popular to internet and telecommunication services. WiMax was developed because security issues in older technology WiFi 802.11. WiMax vendors and standard setters realized the importance of the security therefore, 802.16 working groups was designed considering several mechanisms to protect the network and the customers privacy from unauthorized access. Below are few wimax security claus.

Authentication:

An important and creative feature incorporated in 802.16 network is that each SS, (subscriber station) must have X.509 certificate, this certificate will identify the subscriber uniquely, attackers will not be able to get into the legitimate subscribers list by spoofing their identity because of X.509 certificate. X.509 hence provides enough security against major threats to services. However, lacking in base stations and service provider authentication leaves a big loop whole in the authentication mechanism used by WiMax privacy and key management (PKM), this expose WiMax subscribers to different confidentiality and availability attacks by unauthorized users. To protect from such vulnerability, amendments where made in 802.16 standards. Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) was introduced in 802.16e.

Encryption:

Introduction of 802.16e and support for the AES provide the strong support of confidentially of data traffic. 802.16 has same issue just like 802.11 management frames are not encrypted, that increases the chances for attackers or intruders to collect information about subscribers and network.

Availability:

WiMAX uses licensed Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum, which provides protection from unauthorized access to some extent. There are tools available which are easy to use for jamming the spectrum from all planned WiMAX deployments.  Along with physical layer denial of service attacks, intruders can use legacy management frames to disconnect the current legitimate network connections.

WiMAX Threats:

With all efforts to make WiMAX a very secure technology, there are still several potential attacks which are threats to WiMAX usabilit few of them are DOS attacks, Rogue Base Stations, Man in the middle attacks, spoofing of management frames etc. The actual testing of WiMAX security will come into play when WiMAX provider begins wide scale network deployment. This will give attackers good chance and better exposure to manipulate the network security, and access CPE equipment. Until the proper deployment of WiMax technology, Security issues are just speculations.

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What is Wimax repeater? Benefits of wimax repeater

Wimax repeater:

Wimax repeater is a booster that is basically used to amplify the weak Wimax signals. This device amplify the signals and then retransmit these signals so that the coverage of the base station can be expanded up to 20km to 6miles, depending on the device capability. This device is also used when you are in the coverage area but because of obstacles Wimax signals get weak. This repeater is consisted of two transceivers; these transceivers are basically designed to omit the use of cable with the antennas of both ends.

Wimax repeater use ALC (Automatic Level Control) circuit which provides stable output signals regardless of changing natural conditions. For the connection of Wimax repeater the only thing that is required from outside is electric power.

Benefits of wimax repeater:

The benefit of using this device is that user can access fixed broadband services beyond the Wimax coverage area. Wimax repeater makes sure that high speed and fixed connection rate is provided. The output and input of signals are upgraded with the help of this device. Remotely Wimax repeater device can be controlled via SNMP. This repeater provides better in-building coverage and programmable frequencies. With the use of this repeater, cost effectively base station footprints can be extended for additional users. Wimax repeaters give an edge for the battery issues, because the battery can help you to run this device for next 3 to 4 days without giving any external power supply to it. These repeaters ensure that frequency of the system is offset and with that they improve the working stability. One to one system or one to many systems can work easily in the broadband network if Wimax repeater is used for connection to internet.

Latest modifications:

Wimax repeaters are not only designed for desktop computers or laptops. In the next step of evolution of Wimax repeaters, this service is also covering the wireless broadband on mobile phones.  In the recent times Wimax will be able to provide high speed internet service to mobile users. This repeater will make it sure that users can access all the services and information on their mobile devices faster then the Wi-Fi system. The new modified Wimax repeaters would be based on IEEE 802.16e standard aimed at providing the benefits of both Wimax’s fixed and mobile capabilities.
One new thing that is introduced in the world of Wimax repeaters is a repeater with 5GHz bands. These are new non-regenerative repeaters which allow transparent coverage extension in adverse scenarios and are fully interoperable with IEEE 802.16-2009 compliant Base Stations. These repeaters not only amplify the signals but with that these repeaters provide space and frequency diversification options replicating signals of base station at any other channel.  This new type of repeater gives us cost effective benefit, which is that with increased frequency there is no need for expensive high-power Base Stations.

Models and Types:

Most easily available models of Wimax repeaters range form (10dbm, 13dBm, 1w, 2w, 5w), with frequencies 2.4GHz~2.7GHz , 3.4GHz~3.7GHz. Communication systems that these repeaters use are Dual Band, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM,DCS, PCS and TETRA. The maximum out-power of these repeaters vary between 10dBm,15dBm, 20dBm, 23dBm, 27dBm,1W,5W,10W,20W,40W. All these Wimax repeaters provide high speed internet to users on mobile devices. This speed can be ten times faster than HSCPA or traditional connections. With the help of this repeater the cost of signal coverage can se reduced easy as we add more BTS sites for the extension of coverage. 
Types in which Wimax repeaters are offer to customers are Fiber Optic Repeater, Microwave Repeater, Dual Band Repeater, Band Selective Repeater, Frequency Shift Repeater and Pico Repeater.
With the passage of time new and modified types of these repeaters are coming in the markets. All of those are giving us a new experience of using repeaters, because they are increasing the range in which we can use our device.

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What is Wimax Router? Features of Wimax router

Wimax routers:

Router is a device which uses to transfer the data in a network in the form of packets. So Wimax router is that which transfer this data wirelessly in a network. But the speed of the transfer of data with the help of Wimax routers is much faster. Wimax routers use to deliver wireless speeds which are equal to the speed of direct line cable. It works with different devices like mobile phones, wireless TVs, any many Wi-Fi enabled devices

If you are using just one handful device or multiple devices at a time at your home then Wimax router is the thing which can help you in connecting with the network and working with your ease with single or many devices. These routers are backwards compatible and use to support IEEE 802.11 standards. To increase the capability of Wimax routers different number of antennas use to be connected to them. Number of antennas installed on a router decides the reliability of transfer of data on a router. Generally Wimax routers support four Ethernet lines and many wireless devices easily and reliably. These routers give the ease of security to its users. Most of the data that use be transferred through these routers face no issues about the security. Different companies feel the relief now because now their workers can access the reliable, fast, cheap and secure internet form homes and do their work of office. Wimax router use to work in wired LAN and WLAN networks.

Feature of Wimax routers:

In the Wimax routers LAN ports use to work exactly in the way in which network switches use to do. If you are using the WAN then the port of WAN is connected so that internet can be accessed. All the external points are access after connecting this port. If someone is not using this port with the Wimax router then it is pretty obvious that many functions of the router can be bypassed. And the expected quality of data transfer can’t be gained from the Wimax router. Different antennas use to be connected with the Wimax router and these antennas allow the connection from wireless devices, repeaters, access points, bridges. All these connections use Wi-Fi technology for connecting to the Wimax router.  

Attributes:

Wimax routers use to be developed with consideration of attributes of different devices. If different devices are using same attribute like Wi-Fi then your router should be the one which can support best this attribute. Newly introduced routers give us higher speed of internet with Wi-Fi Quality of Service software (QoS) standard, with which Ethernet connections can be used efficiently. Many Wimax routers employ multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radio antennae to boost speed.  

Ease of Use:

Its has become very easy for everyone to use routers now. And this ease is actually because of different features. These features include UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) andWPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) etc. UPnP gives us the facility of connection with multimedia players and WPS secures the devices of user. Multiple routers can be used in a single network, when this use to be done then routers use to exchange information about their destination addresses and with that they use dynamic routing protocols. As we all know that there are different networking protocols used in network, so to identify each one of them individually some software’s are introduces. These different computer software’s enable the data to be forwarded on the right protocol in a network.

Security:

Wimax routers use to protect the bandwidth by locking down the outside access to your data. Data and bandwidth is secured with the use of encryption method. This method make the secure transfer of your data and on your devices only. Wimax routers include firewalls as well. These firewalls also help in secure transfer of data. Another technology which is know as Network Address Translation (NAT) technology use to detect the traffic patterns of the hacker and then hide all of your devices on wireless network behind single IP address.

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Background of Wimax Technology 802.16

Wimax Technology:

The 802.16 standard was first available on April 8, 2002 after two years in development. The Wimax Forum was formed in April of 2001 and established in June of 2001. This order might seem odd, but it's common to shape certification bodies before completing or passing a standard. The Wimax certification will certify that a technology is compliant withWimax specifications not 802.16. This is because the Wimax Forum created a certification that is compatible with a portion of the 802.16 standard. Wimax certified hardware should be compatible with other Wimax certified hardware, but it is important to remember that Wimax certified hardware not necessarily compatible with 802.16 compliant hardware.

The founding organizations of the Wimax Forum included Wi-LAN, Ensemble, CossSpan, Harris, and Nokia. The OFDM Forum and Fujitsu joined in 2002. In 2003, Aperto, Alvarion, Airspan, Intel, Proxim, and others joined the group. At this time, the forum has over 200 members with representatives from service providers, system manufacturers, chip vendors, and business organizations. The major focus of this group is to provide interoperability between vendors' Wimax hardware. (Tom Carpenter, 2006)

In January 2005, at a Wimax conference called “Wimax: beyond the Hype,” Gordon Antonello clearly stated that

• There are no Wimax networks today.
• There are no Wimax form certified products available today.
• Wimax Forum certified testing will begin later this year in 2005.
• Vendors are shipping pre-Wimax products today.

These statements are essential for us to understand that Wimax is brand new and any existing 802.16 compliant hardware might, or might not work with future Wimax Forum Certified hardware. However, some vendors are promising to provide upgrades through firmware or chip replacements to meet the Wimax specifications.

The Wimax Forum began their lab trials in the third quarter of 2005 and field trials in the fourth quarter of 2005. General production deployments are expected in 2006 as true Wimax Forum Certified equipment enters the marketplace.

The final standard being implemented in hardware systems today will support the 802.16-2004 specification of the IEEE. Vendors are building their hardware to this specification and then sending that same hardware to the Wimax Forum for certification.

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Main Disadvantages of Wimax Technology

Disadvantages of Wimax:

Wimax technology was designed to compete with remote locations that presently employs satellite for internet connectivity. Wimax technology can operate on both licensed and non licensed frequencies. Wimax Technology is powerful mobile technology but are facing some disadvantages discussed below.

Lack of Quality:

The Wimax network has lack of quality service because there are hundreds of people trying to get access at the same tower so due to heavy traffic it is very hard to maintain high quality.

Wimax range:

The other disadvantage of Wimax network is range. As Wimax offer 70Mbps in range with moving station but in practice it is quite different because it is possible only in specify or ideal circumstances. If a user staying away from the specified environment then speed can drop considerably.

Wimax Bandwidth:

Like other network Bandwidth is collective amongst clients in a specified zone. But if there are a lot of users in one area the speed decreases which may be 2 to 10 Mbps of shared bandwidth.

Expensive network:

The most disadvantage of Wimax is its installation and operational cost. Due to heavy structure, tower, antennas etc makes the Wimax network collectively high cost network.

Bad Weather:

The quality of services decreases in rainy season because the weather condition could interrupt the signal which may cause of bad signal and broadcasting may be stop or interrupted.

Wireless equipments:

If you are trying to use much wireless equipment at a time within Wimax network then these equipments may cause of interference and could interfere your broadcasting data or face some compromised speed.

Power consuming:

Wimax network is very heavy in structure therefore need much electrical support for running the overall network.

Data Rate:

The data rate of Wimax as compared to other network such as fiber optics, satellite, cables etc are very slow.

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Encryption Problem in Wimax Technology

Encryption Problem:

With the improvements of Wimax (IEEE 802.16e standard), it supports for Advance Encryption Standard (AES) cipher, actively giving strong support for confidentiality of data traffic. Like the Wi-Fi (802.11) specification, management frames are not encrypted, permitting an attacker to collect data about subscribers in the area and other potentially sensitive network characteristics. (Joshua Wright,Dec 12 2006)

I will conduct research and propose the possible encryption technique to make the communication through WiMAX network more secure so that the attacker cannot access the information regarding the user or the service provider. I have to discuss about the management frames and suggest solution for it to give better quality of service.

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Encryption In WiMAX Technology

Encryption Technology:

Encryption is the method used to protect the confidentiality of data flowing between a transmitter and a receiver. Encryption in WiMAX Technology involves taking a stream or block of data to be protected, called plain text, and using another stream or block of data, called the encryption key, to perform a reversible mathematical operation to generate a ciphertext. The ciphertext is unintelligible and hence can be sent across the network without fear of being eavesdropped.

The receiver does an operation called decryption to extract the plaintext from the ciphertext, using the same or different key. When the same key is used for wimax encryption and decryption, the process is called symmetric key encryption. This key is typically derived from a shared secret between the transmitter and the receiver and for strong encryption typically should be at least 64 bytes long. When different keys are used for encryption and decryption, the process is called asymmetric key encryption. Both symmetric and asymmetric key encryptions are typically used in broadband wireless communication systems, each serving different needs.

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What is Wireless Broadband Access?

Wireless Broadband Access:

Wireless broadband is fairly new technology that provides high speed internet and data network access over long range. Broadband means “having instantaneous band width greater than around 1 MHz”. It features more roughly speed which is equal to wired broadband access. For example cable modem or ADSL.

Broadband Wireless Access:
This technology was designed by using cable modems. Broadband wireless access (BWA) technologies provide broadband data access by wireless means to consumer and business markets. The most common example is Wireless LAN, but efforts are intensively continuing to deliver broadband network access by deploying adequate radio technologies like Metropolitan area networks, 3G and wireless LAN which can even be combined in one single device to ensure seamless operation. One of the more common network architectures for this is point to point and multipoint architecture. Broadband wireless access is also an attractive option to operators in areas that do not have a wired access network available. Savings in speed of deployment and in installation costs will ensure that interest in that continues.

Broadband Wireless Access Technologies:

There are two of technologies which are used World wide which are given below

 

Broadband Wireless Access Perspectives:

1. Excellent for CLEC out region play in small markets.
2. Microwave and Optical Links are complimentary and can provide high reliability when the used together.
3. Self installation and plug and play hardware is critical to use.
4. Broadband wireless access equipments cost are not driving the business case cost.
5. Wireless can help last mile solution. For example Gap fills strategy and DSL extension.
6. Need technologies to mitigate LOS requirements and cost.
7. Need work integration and product interoperability.
8. Reliability of wireless access technologies. For example they are good in all weather conditions like Fiber Optics.
9. Need wireless access technologies that can support next generation services. For example (VoIP and VPNs).
10. Reoccurring Roof leases, operation costs and CPE installation are the business case cost drivers.

Future of Broadband Wireless Access:

Future of Broadband wireless access is based on the old and the present strategies, just like IMT Advanced: Proposals which are due in 2008/2009 need more wok in future. Drivers which are used for increase the Spectral Efficiency, Increased Capacity, and      Higher peak data rates. Cost-efficient Deployment also plays an important role in the future of broadband wireless access.

Technologies are needed that support the following:

1. Advanced Atenna solutions.
2. Interference co-ordination, Cancellation and Avoidance.
3. Relaying Techniques.
4. Peer-to-Peer.
5. Simplified Network operation.
6. Advanced MBMS concepts.
7. Scenarios need to be identified leading to new deployment schemes.
8. For Examples: Cost of control signaling is often underestimated such as uplink scheduler, interference co-ordination and advanced MIMO concepts. Even if the information is available, it might be out-dated. And cross layer/ function-design is crucial then optimizations by interference co-ordination are impacted
9. Advanced Multi-Antenna concepts.

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What is Wireless Broadband Network?

Wimax Wireless Broadband:

Worldwide interpretability for Microwave Access is a telecommunication tool that provides wireless transfer of information and data over portable and mobile access. It is fast way transfer of data up to 10Mbps. WiMax is usually deployed using OFDM and SOFDM symbols.

Last Mile Connection:

WiMax is referred to as a last mile connection because it is assumed as the final strut of providing communication link to end users. It can be an expensive way of providing network connection to people living in rural areas, only when one has to take wires and cables to far off land. It is termed as first mile connectivity for the end user to the world outside his vicinity. To overcome the expense involved in building wireless infrastructure wireless broadband access is often used. The competition in the market for more WiMax products and more service providers would lower the cost of the wireless broadband connection. It just provides a great option for those that do not have central access to services such as T1 internet or DSL.The development in the wireless connection as a last mile connection ha also opened new horizon of opportunities. The manufacturers of wireless products can bring more and improved digital portable devices to market at lower prices. WiMax subscription is available in both indoor and outdoor modules. The indoor units are expensive and complicated to build. In order to operate proficiently the indoor units must be close to the base stations. Where as the installation of outdoor units are simple and uncomplicated to set up just like installing a small satellte dish in a home.

Other Network Applications:

WiMax is considered as a reliable substitute for GSM and CDMA mobile technologies.  Moreover it is expected that WiMax would appear more like a backhaul support for 2G, 3G and 4G technologies. The wired cellular operations are often supported by T1 connections. However the remote connections are maintained using satellite back up hold. The urban and rural wireless set up is usually based on microwave linkage. The WiMax set up provides more consistent bandwidth as compared to the bequest cellular connections. This bandwidth is further upgraded in many parts of the world like North America. The operators are deploying 34Mbps to 1 GB network setups and also support their network with fiber optic connections where possible. The WiMax set up requires a back up support from some internet backbone which involves additional cost of hardware. The difficulty to reach to the nearest inter backbone is still a challenge while deploying a network for wireless technologies like WiMax.

Limitations of WiMax:

WiMax broadband is a wireless connection which is going through the period of immense expectations like high bandwidth and less cost. However to date this wireless mode has not yet met the hope. This wireless technology is under the phase of development. It is fallacy that WiMax provides unperturbed signal strength everywhere because it operates in licensed frequency spectrum but it is also prone to obstacles like trees and walls. This wireless connection is supposed to provide a speed of 70Mbps over every 30 mile distance but this is not the case when the signal has to travel longer distance. This wireless connection can either operates efficiently with high bit rates or it can travel over longer distances with accuracy and precision. The fixed WiMax are composed of high range antennas which allow for greater signal strength and speed. Whereas the mobile WiMax set ups are usually indoor which involve the wireless mobile devices for operation, which in turn requires more support from the nearby base station. For an indoor WiMax set up it is necessary to check the nearby base station. The mere support of omni directional antenna is not enough to support WiMax.

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Equipment of Wimax Technology

Components of WiMax:

In 2006, Acton Wireless Broadband Corporation (AWB) was established. A selected part of the company AWB develops and forms devices for WiMax, that are fixed and solutions for mobiles. The foundation of AWB is located in Hsinchu Science based Industrial Park. The group AWB contributes in creating and formulating the maximum to ground breaking design and R&D for the WiMax technology. The principal goal and mission of the Group is focused on shortening the digital gaps in today’s world of ever so powerful technology related environment.

In partnership with a few of the leading telecommunication vendors and operators in the market, the AWB has developed a finest of breed WiMax CPE that facilitates the very next generation of the broadband types at all times. It can be anywhere and at any time, you can gain access to it. The products that have been manufactured by the ABW of the WiMax equipment have been successfully distributed to the local and the international markets. By doing so, they have acclaimed a reasonable amount of praiseworthy acclaim.

What ABW Offers:

The company offers a complete range of WiMax equipment. It offers WiMax wave 2 nomadic as well as fixed CPEs including mobile subscriber products and goods, which further include indoor CPE, outdoor CPE, a PC card, a USB adapter and a PCI express card. All of which are supporting 2.3, 2.5 and 3.5GHz frequency of bands, MIMO and has also effectively passed and cleared the IOT compatible tests and relative procedures with massive base station purveyors.

WiMax Equipment:

The equipment that WiMax provides you with is as follows:

WiMax 802.16e Wave 2 Indoor CPE

The AWB RG230 puts together Wi-Fi(IEEE 802.11b/g), VoIP and Ethernet equipment and makes available the internet connectivity via WiMAX.

WiMAX 802.16e Wave 2 Outdoor CPE

The AWB OD200 is a WiMAX outdoor CPE with indoor and outdoor element. Indoor element offers internet connectivity through outdoor element.

WiMAX 802.16e Wave 2 PC Card

The AWB PC200 is a WiMAX Card Bus Card for laptop users to connect to WiMAX BWA services. It supports Windows XP and Vista system.

WiMAX 802.16e Wave 2 USB Adapter

The AWB US210 is a WiMAX USB adapter for laptop users to connect to WiMAX BWA services.

WiMAX 802.16e Wave 2 PCI Express Card

The AWB EC200 is a WiMAX Express Card for laptop users to connect to WiMAX broadband wireless access (BWA) services. It supports Windows XPand Vista system.

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IEEE- 802.16a Wimax Standard specification

IEEE- 802.16a Standard specification:

The Working Group deals with 802.16 wireless access technologies to broadband networks, specifically with an air interface, so with an Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems. There are data rates of over 100 Mb / s at distances of over 50 km.

Specifications of wireless broadband technologies IEEE:

For the transmission frequency used is between 10 GHz and 66 GHz and is a sight (LOS) defined. In Germany used frequency ranges at 23 GHz and 38 GHz. As in the urban area are usually no direct line of sight is available, there is still a second 802.16a specification for the frequency range between 2 GHz and 11 GHz for poor visibility conditions.

The standardization bodies of 802.16 deal equally with the media access method (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY), with broadband transmission lines with bandwidths of 20 MHz, 25 MHz and 28 MHz for the channels of the up-and downlink is expected. As a media access process, which the different environments of the physical layer adapted to be used with 802.16 TDMA Time Division Duplex (TDD) or frequency division duplex (FDD). As the maximum data rate will be 134 Mbps for a 28-MHz channel indicated. Moreover, 802.16 defines four classes of service, guaranteed service (QoS), the time-critical transmission of audio and video files.

This Working Group, the Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) is working very closely with the 802.11 Working together. The results are incorporated into the WiMAX one.

The various 802.16 standards:

802.16a: Licensed Frequency 2 GHz to 11 GHz. The Working IEEE 802.16a operates at the MAC and PHY specification and specifies the transfer of non-visual connections (NLOS). Frequencies are important for the 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz licensed for royalty-free applications. The data is at a channel width of 20 MHz 75 Mbit / s. 802.16a is replaced by 802.16-2004.

Specifications of 802.16:

802.16b: Licensed Exempt Frequencies, with a focus on the frequency band of between 5 GHz and 6 GHz. This group also runs under the name Wireless HUMAN (High Speed Unlicensed MAN).

802.16c: Profiles of transmission frequencies in the frequency range from 10 GHz to 66 GHz. The channel width is in the U.S. 25 MHz, 28 MHz in Europe. 802.16c is replaced by 802.16-2004.

802.16d: Profiles of transmission frequencies in the frequency range of 2 GHz to 66 GHz. Replaced by 802.16-2004. This standard provides visual and non-visual connections in the range of 2 GHz to 66 GHz.

802.16e-2005: Mobile Wireless MAN (WMAN). This working group defines a mobile access in the context of IEEE 802.16. Here are ranges of more than 10 Mbps in cells in the range of several kilometers and speeds exceeding 100 kph investigated. In addition, 16e-clients between different radio cells can switch, known as roaming. 802.16e is in conjunction with DSRC an interesting alternative for telematic and safety services in the automotive technology.

802.16f: MIB management for access networks.

802.16g: Definition of Management Plane.

802.16h: Coexistence of Networks. This Working Group deals with the problems of coexistence of different radio technologies in unlicensed bands transmission.

802.16i: Mobile One Plane Information

802.16j: bridging alternative to 802.11k. This involves Equipment for a mobile relay, which has several communications partner stations can connect.

802.16k: Bridging

802.16m: 802.16m The group is working on the high-speed transmission with up to 1 Gbit / s.

802.16-1: Air Interface for 10 GHz to 66 GHz.

802.16.2: Coexistence of Broadband Wireless Access Systems. This Working Group deals with the coexistence of existing systems. Replaced by 802.16.2-2004.

802.16.2-2004: Combines standards 802.16, 802.16a, 802.16c and 802.16d in a standard and regulate the coexistence of wireless broadband systems in the range of 10 GHz to 66 GHz.

802.16.2a: Recommended Practice for Coexistence of Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems. This group is the coexistence of PMP systems between 2 GHz and 11 GHz redefine.

802.16.3: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems operating below 11 GHz. In this group are the unlicensed bands, such as the ISM band, the Personal Communications Services (PCS), and MMDS Unit for the use of a high-speed access MAN investigated

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IP-Based WiMax Network Architecture

WiMax Architecture:

The architecture of wireless communication systems is much simple than that of wired network connections. This is the reason why now people prefer wireless internet connections.  WiMax network forum is responsible for guiding the guideline for WiMax architecture.

Components of WiMax Network Architecture:
There are three main components of WiMax network architecture. The first component is the mobile stations which are used as a source of network connection for end user. The second network is an access service network which is formed of more than two or three base stations. It also contains ASN gateways which build the radio access at the end.

The third component is connectivity service network which is responsible for providing IP functions.  The base station provides the air interface for the mobile stations. The base stations also provide mobile management functions, triggering and tunnel establishment, radio resource management, dynamic host control protocol proxy, quality of service enforcement and multicast group management. ASN is responsible for radio resource management, encryption keys, routing to the selected network and client functionality.  Connectivity service network is responsible for internet connections, corporate and public networks and many other user services.

 

Standard WiMax Architecture:

Let us analyze a standard WiMax network. As explained earlier the WiMax network is based on three four basic components like AS gateway, CSN and MS. The basic network has a central IP core which is surrounded by an ASN gateway, which is connected to service network or CSN. The main IP core is attached to the internet backbone for help and coverage. The WiMax network which is also part of the ISP network is known as access service gateway. This ASN handles the micro and macro base stations, which provide WiMax access to end users. The connectivity service network or CSN is an important part of WiMax architecture which provides the authentication to the user devices. CSN is also responsible for providing roaming among the network service providers. It is CSN which is responsible for user security and quality for service for this purpose it uses several protocols. The IP address management is also handled by CSN. IP core is in the middle of CSN and ASN. CSN provides the internet and telecommunications connectivity. ASP communicates to the base stations and the mobile stations. At the users end the WiMax architecture may further contain firewall for security. WiMax architecture provides discretion at user end to make possible amendments.

Two Dimensions of WiMax Network:

WiMax network is composed of two parts the WiMax tower and the WiMax receiver. WiMax tower is connected directly to the internet backbone using a wired connection such as optical fiber. It can be connected to the WiMax tower using a line of sight link or a non line of sight link. The line of site communication involves the use of fixed antenna or dish. This antenna is fixed or deployed on the roof top or the tower of your building. Line of sight connection is considered as more strong and stable connection. Therefore it sends lot of error free data over the network. It uses a frequency range of 66Ghz. Higher frequency decreases the chance of signal weakness and interference and provides more bandwidth. On the other hand the non line of sight connection provides you connectivity with the installation of small antenna in your PC. This mod provides lower frequency range from 2 GHz to 11 GHz. The lower band signals are not prone to obstructions like trees and walls. Hence the signal strength is more and the user receives the quality of service. For every WiMax connectivity and architecture it is important to connect to an internet backbone via swift wired connection.

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Types of Wimax Services

Different types of Wimax services:

WiMax and other wireless network connections and mobile services have revolutionized our digital world. WiMax technology is considered to be the next generation technology for mobile phone networks because it offers an array of frequencies along with very good bandwidth speed. WiMax is an IEEE 802.16 based technology. This wireless mode is able to provide MAN (metropolitan area network) and LAN (local area network) broadband services. WiMax can be used to provide wireless access up to 50 KM.

Types of WiMax Services:

WiMax broadband internet access is deployed simply by using the wireless signals emerging from nearby base station. This wireless connection can be accessed on a fixed desktop PC as well as portable devices like laptop and palm top. WiMax can also be used as a successful landline telephone detour. For this purpose a central IP transport communicates to the base station, this base station provides telephone signals to WiMax telephone. WiMax can also be used as cable and satellite bypass as well. An IPTV server is used to provide these services. This server sends the signal to WiMax tower or base station and the end user receive TV connection. WiMax is also a major replacement for mobile phone technologies like CDMA and GSM. This is the reason why IP transport backup set is often used to provide mobile wireless signals to cell phone users. WiMax connection is able to replace any existing telephone communication network. As explained earlier in fixed communication technologies it can replace copper wire and traditional coaxial cable set up. WiMax can also enable ISPs to provide internet access services.

Multimedia WiMax Services:

WiMax has set new trends in communication technologies. This wireless connection has opened new markets for manufacturers and service providers. This is a diversified wireless service which can be source of offering various other multimedia services.  WiMax is supposed to have amazing potential to support IP multimedia services. WiMax is making use of OFDM and SOFDM that is why it is more compatible to offer multimedia services like voice over the internet, video conferencing, voice chat and text and data transmission. The WiMax operates at relatively larger range of frequencies. Hence it is able to deliver more services. WiMax is preferred source of communication because it can carry bulk of data traveling at both ends (receiver and sender). It is based on the principle of quality of service and prioritization of data. It can provide telecommunication services to rural areas where there is no supporting infrastructure available. Like it did in the past during tsunami typhoon and provided the communication needs of the people in problem.

WiMax Broadband Services:

The range of the WiMax is measured in miles besides foot. It is a sort of metropolitan area network. It is competitive enough to provide various services like telephone, internet access, calls and cellular services. WiMax covers a couple of frequency ranges like 10 GHz to up to 66 GHz then 2 GHz to 11 GHz range. WiMax supports services like IPv4, ATM, Ethernet, LAN and Ipv6. WiMax can also become a backup support for 802.11 wireless LAN services. It can be used to connect plenty of hotspots and inter access points. The WiMax set up is more like a cellular set which requires the services of a base station. Some important services of broadband WiMax includes mesh and smart antenna technology, VoIP, video streaming, voice quality of service, fast downloading and cellular mobile access. It can be used with or without a variety of cellular applications like CDMA and GSM. Hence WiMax provides plenty of opportunities to the service providers to deliver accurate and consistent services.

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